Journal: PLOS ONE
Article Title: Effect of IL-17A on the immune response to pulmonary tuberculosis induced by high- and low-virulence strains of Mycobacterium bovis
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307307
Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Quantitative gene expression of the indicated cytokines was determined by RT-PCR using total RNA isolated from the lungs of infected mice treated with IL-17A blocking antibodies and control animals that received IgG isotype. Blocking IL-17A induced significantly higher expression of IL-23, G-CSF, and the Th2 cytokine IL-13 than in control mice and non-significantly higher transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α and the Th2 cytokine IL-4 (n = 3 per timepoint /group). B) Frequency of Th1 lymphocytes (CD3 + CD4 + IFN + ), Th2 lymphocytes (CD3 + CD4 + IL-4 + ), Th17 lymphocytes (CD3 + CD4 + IL-17A + ), CD3 + CD4 + TNF + lymphocytes, CD8 + T lymphocytes (CD3 + CD8 + ), IFN + , TNF + , and IL-4 + , and neutrophils (CD11c+ Ly6G+), IL-17A+, and TNF+ (n = 3 per timepoint /group). One representative example is shown from two independent experiments. Data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni multiple comparison test. Each graph represents the means ± SE of at least three mice for each of the time points. Asterisks represent statistical significance between groups (*p<0.05, **p<0.01).
Article Snippet: To evaluate the immunological contribution of IL-17A to M . bovis infection, particularly in the development of necrosis and protection against infection, groups of BALB/c mice were infected with strain 04–303 and treated with 25 μg of IL-17A neutralizing antibodies (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA; MAB421) or isotype control antibodies (R&D Systems; MAB006), administered directly to the lungs by endotracheal instillation every other day between 13 and 19 days post-infection.
Techniques: Gene Expression, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Isolation, Infection, Blocking Assay, Control, Expressing, Comparison